Bioethics

Most words have synonyms that mean the same, or very similar, things. For each keyword in your topic, try to come up with at least one synonym or another very similar keyword. Not all keywords will have synonyms, but many do!

Example 1: 

Keyword: ethics

Possible synonyms:  morals, principles, decency

Example 2:

Keyword: animal testing

Possible synonyms: animal research, animal experimentation, in vivo testing

Keep an Eye Out!

Sometimes scholars use terms that you might not be familiar with, or which might mean something very specific within the discipline. While searching, look for unfamiliar terms or words that show up a lot. Try searching for those and see if you find more relevant sources.

Most library databases have search tools built in.

Try some of these:

• Subject: 
  Think of subjects as official hashtags. Use them to find sources about that subject.
• Date Range: 
  Limit your search to sources published between specific years.
• Peer Reviewed: 
  Limit your search to scholarly journal articles.
• Full Text: 
  Make sure all of the results are available to read in full.

Look on the left and right of your search results, or for an "advanced search" page to find these tools - and more!

Use OR

Use the OR operator to expand your search with additional keywords:

• moral OR ethical

This will find sources that include either word, so you'll see more results than by searching for just one keyword.

Combine OR and AND

A great way to use OR, is to combine it with AND. So, to expand your search results, you could try this:

• animal testing AND (moral OR ethical issues) 

When you do this, put parentheses around the keywords connected with OR. Now you will have a list of results that all mention animal testing, and either moral or ethical issues.

If your search results are not what you expect, there are several options you can try.

Use Quotation Marks

If your results don't seem to match up with your keywords, try putting quote marks around exact phrases. This will bring back results that only use that exact phrase.

"animal testing" AND morality

Check Your Spelling

It's always a good idea to make sure that your search terms are spelled correctly. You may also need to try using a different form of a word

Ask a Librarian!

Sometimes you just need to ask for help. Some research topics are more tricky than others and getting help from a librarian can save you a lot of time.