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Also known as scholarlyrefereed, peer reviewed, or academic articles.

Why use journal articles?

  • Current: include current information and have a frequent publication cycle
  • Written by Scholars - based on research and expertise
  • Focused - detailed and focused on a narrow topic
  • Peer-Reviewed - reviewed and approved by subject area experts before publication

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Books IconIn general, be sure to use books written for an academic or scholarly audience instead of those written for a popular audience.

Why use books?

  • Depth - provide in-depth analysis of a topic
  • Broad Coverage - provide broad coverage over one or more topics
  • Comprehension - can help you understand a complex topic; books are easier to read than journal articles

 

Remember!

  • You may only need to read one chapter of a scholarly book.
  • Books contain less recent information due to the lengthy publication process.

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News IconInformation written by reporters (AKA journalists) on topics of current interest.

Key Features of News Sources:

  • Intended for a general audience; commonly written at about an 8th-grade reading level
  • Reviewed by one or more editors for quality and accuracy
  • Provide information on a recent event or topic of interest
  • Provide the perspectives of average people, not experts

IMPORTANT NOTE: Not all news sources are created equal! Some have hidden (or obvious) motives or political beliefs. Do some background research into who owns the news organization to learn more about it.

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Statistics IconStatistics vs. Data

Statistics provide an interpretation and summary of data. Statistics can be numbers or percentages in an article, or tables, charts, or graphs.

Use statistics to:

  • answer questions that start "how many...?" or "how much...?"
  • strengthen your argument
  • provide objective information
  • put an argument into context

Data is the raw results of research. It is a primary source and can be analyzed and interpreted.

Use data sets to:

  • create new information and knowledge
  • understand a phenomenon
  • practice and learn how to use statistical procedures

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